(python)如何在tkinter環境中將函式轉換為模塊

我試圖將函式轉換為 tkinter 中的模塊；但是，它失敗了。

原始版本：在主要代碼中嵌入一個函式（sl_adder）

這里我使用.get()函式

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.ttk as ttk

def sl_adder():
    aa = float(xxx.get())
    bb = float(yyy.get())
    cc = aa   bb
    mylabel = ttk.Label(root, text = cc).grid(column=1, row=4, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N)

root = Tk()
root.title('Denny')
root.geometry("800x900")

xxx = StringVar()
yyy = StringVar()



ttk.Label(root,text = "Adding System", font=('Arial', 25)).grid(column=0, row=0, ipadx=5, pady=5, sticky=W N)  
ttk.Label(root,text = "Input Two Numbers", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=1, ipadx=5, pady=20, sticky=W N)   
ttk.Label(root,text = "1st number: ", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=2, ipadx=5, pady=15, sticky=W N)   
ttk.Label(root,text = "2nd number: ", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=3, ipadx=5, pady=15, sticky=W N)  

ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=xxx, width=20).grid(column=1, row=2, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N) 
ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=yyy, width=20).grid(column=1, row=3, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N)

resultButton = ttk.Button(root, text = 'Calculate', command = sl_adder)
resultButton.grid(column=3, row=2, pady=15, sticky=W)

close_window = ttk.Button(root, text="Destroy", command = root.destroy)
close_window.grid(column=3, row=3, pady=15, sticky=W)

第二版：將函式轉換為模塊（sl_adder）

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from sl_adder import sl_adder   # <-------------------------

root = Tk()
root.title('Denny')
root.geometry("800x900")

xxx = StringVar()
yyy = StringVar()



ttk.Label(root,text = "Adding System", font=('Arial', 25)).grid(column=0, row=0, ipadx=5, pady=5, sticky=W N)  
ttk.Label(root,text = "Input Two Numbers", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=1, ipadx=5, pady=20, sticky=W N)   
ttk.Label(root,text = "1st number: ", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=2, ipadx=5, pady=15, sticky=W N)   
ttk.Label(root,text = "2nd number: ", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=3, ipadx=5, pady=15, sticky=W N)   

ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=xxx, width=20).grid(column=1, row=2, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N) 
ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=yyy, width=20).grid(column=1, row=3, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N)

resultButton = ttk.Button(root, text = 'Calculate', command = sl_adder)
resultButton.grid(column=3, row=2, pady=15, sticky=W)

close_window = ttk.Button(root, text="Destroy", command = root.destroy)
close_window.grid(column=3, row=3, pady=15, sticky=W)

模塊sl_adder：

def sl_adder():
    aa = float(xxx.get())
    bb = float(yyy.get())
    cc = aa   bb
    mylabel = ttk.Label(root, text = cc).grid(column=1, row=4, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N)

當我運行它時，它顯示：

NameError: name 'xxx' is not defined

如何解決？我只洗掉該功能并生成一個模塊。

==================================================== ==========

現在我將其修復如下

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from sl_adder import sl_adder

root = Tk()
root.title('Denny')
root.geometry("800x900")

xxx = StringVar()
yyy = StringVar()



ttk.Label(root,text = "Adding System", font=('Arial', 25)).grid(column=0, row=0, ipadx=5, pady=5, sticky=W N)  
ttk.Label(root,text = "Input Two Numbers", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=1, ipadx=5, pady=20, sticky=W N)   
ttk.Label(root,text = "1st number: ", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=2, ipadx=5, pady=15, sticky=W N)   
ttk.Label(root,text = "2nd number: ", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=3, ipadx=5, pady=15, sticky=W N)   

ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=xxx, width=20).grid(column=1, row=2, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N) 
ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=yyy, width=20).grid(column=1, row=3, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N)

aa = float(xxx.get())    # <=====================
bb = float(yyy.get())    # <=====================

resultButton = ttk.Button(root, text = 'Calculate', command = sl_adder(aa,bb))
resultButton.grid(column=3, row=2, pady=15, sticky=W)

close_window = ttk.Button(root, text="Destroy", command = root.destroy)
close_window.grid(column=3, row=3, pady=15, sticky=W)




root.mainloop()

帶模塊

def sl_adder(aa,bb):
    cc = aa   bb
    mylabel = ttk.Label(root, text = cc).grid(column=1, row=4, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N)

但是，彈出另一個錯誤

aa = float(xxx.get())
ValueError: could not convert string to float: ''

如何解決？

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

由于主應用程式和模塊位于不同的作業空間中，因此您無法直接在模塊內部訪問主應用程式中的全域變數。但是，您可以通過函式引數傳遞它們。

此外，最好在主應用程式中而不是在模塊函式中創建結果標簽。主應用程式可以從模塊函式中獲取結果并更新結果文本。

主要應用：

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from sl_adder import sl_adder

root = Tk()
root.title('Denny')
root.geometry("800x900")

xxx = StringVar()
yyy = StringVar()

ttk.Label(root,text = "Adding System", font=('Arial', 25)).grid(column=0, row=0, ipadx=5, pady=5, sticky=W N)
ttk.Label(root,text = "Input Two Numbers", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=1, ipadx=5, pady=20, sticky=W N)
ttk.Label(root,text = "1st number: ", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=2, ipadx=5, pady=15, sticky=W N)
ttk.Label(root,text = "2nd number: ", font=('Arial', 10)).grid(column=0, row=3, ipadx=5, pady=15, sticky=W N)

ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=xxx, width=20).grid(column=1, row=2, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N)
ttk.Entry(root, textvariable=yyy, width=20).grid(column=1, row=3, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N)

resultButton = ttk.Button(root, text = 'Calculate',
                          # update result label with the returned result
                          command = lambda: mylabel.config(text=sl_adder(xxx.get(), yyy.get())))
resultButton.grid(column=3, row=2, pady=15, sticky=W)

close_window = ttk.Button(root, text="Destroy", command = root.destroy)
close_window.grid(column=3, row=3, pady=15, sticky=W)

# create the label for showing the result
mylabel = ttk.Label(root)
mylabel.grid(column=1, row=4, padx=10, pady=15, sticky=N)

root.mainloop()

模塊sl_adder：

def sl_adder(aa, bb):
    # return the result to caller
    return float(aa)   float(bb)

標籤：Python 功能 tkinter 模块

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