如何將csv轉換為json-有解無憂

我有以下 csv 檔案：

Topic,Characteristics,Total
Population and dwellings,Population-2016,183314
Population and dwellings,Population-2011,175779
Population and dwellings,Population percentage change,4.3
Age characteristics,0 to 14 years,30670
Age characteristics,0 to 4 years,9275
Age characteristics,5 to 9 years,10475

我想輸出一個 json 檔案，這樣每個唯一的“主題”都是一個鍵，值是一個字典“特征”：“總計”，即輸出將是：

{
    "Population and dwellings": {
        "Population-2016": 183314,
        "Population-2011": 175779,
        "Population percent change": 4.3
    },
    "Age characteristics": {
        "0 to 14 years": 30670,
        "0 to 4 years": 9275,
        "5 to 9 years": 10475
    }
}

我怎樣才能正確地做到這一點？到目前為止，我嘗試過的所有方法都會相互覆寫，我們將不勝感激。謝謝。

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

您可以使用csv模塊來讀取檔案并對dict.setdefault元素進行分組：

import csv

out = {}
with open("your_file.csv", "r") as f_in:
    reader = csv.reader(f_in)
    next(reader)  # skip headers
    for topic, characteristics, total in reader:
        out.setdefault(topic, {})[characteristics] = float(total)

print(out)

印刷：

{
    "Population and dwellings": {
        "Population-2016": 183314.0,
        "Population-2011": 175779.0,
        "Population percentage change": 4.3,
    },
    "Age characteristics": {
        "0 to 14 years": 30670.0,
        "0 to 4 years": 9275.0,
        "5 to 9 years": 10475.0,
    },
}

要從中輸出 JSON，out您可以執行以下操作：

import json

print(json.dumps(out, indent=4))

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

我的解決方案與 Andrej 類似，但我使用它defaultdict來簡化代碼。

import collections
import csv
import json


out = collections.defaultdict(lambda: collections.defaultdict(float))

with open("data.csv") as stream:
    next(stream)  # Skip the header
    reader = csv.reader(stream)
    for topic, characteristics, total in reader:
        out[topic][characteristics]  = float(total)

print(json.dumps(out, indent=4))

輸出：

{
    "Population and dwellings": {
        "Population-2016": 183314.0,
        "Population-2011": 175779.0,
        "Population percentage change": 4.3
    },
    "Age characteristics": {
        "0 to 14 years": 30670.0,
        "0 to 4 years": 9275.0,
        "5 to 9 years": 10475.0
    }
}

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標籤：PythonJSONpython-3.x格式文件字典

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